Other names for the additive (synonyms)
General Information
Additive E503(i) (ammonium carbonate) is a subtype of additive E503, which includes ammonium carbonate and ammonium bicarbonate. The chemical formula of additive E503(i) is (NH₄)₂CO₃. In industry, it is obtained by thermal decomposition of carbonate-containing salts or by the reaction of ammonia and carbon dioxide followed by cooling.
Historically, ammonium carbonate was obtained from nitrogen-containing organic materials such as horns, wool, or bones through dry distillation, but today, cleaner industrial synthesis methods are used.
In terms of physical properties, additive E503(i) is a white crystalline powder that is highly soluble in water. At room temperature, it decomposes, releasing ammonia and carbon dioxide. Due to its rapid decomposition with gas release, additive E503(i) is used in the food industry as a leavening agent, particularly in cookies and dry baked goods — giving the structure crispness and lightness.
Ammonium carbonate differs from ammonium bicarbonate by its higher reactivity and rapid decomposition when heated, releasing significant amounts of ammonia, carbon dioxide, and water. Additive E503(i) is effective as a leavening agent, but when used in dense or moist products, it may leave a residual ammonia odor. Therefore, it is mainly applied to dry and thin products, where the gas completely dissipates without affecting taste or aroma.
Learn more about the health effects, legal status, and other aspects of additive E503(i) in the main article on additive E503.
