Other names for the additive (synonyms)
General Information
Calcium polyphosphate (food additive E452(iv)) is a specific type of E452 (polyphosphates). It is a calcium salt of polymeric orthophosphoric acid, with the general chemical formula CanPnO(3n+1), where n indicates the degree of polymerization.
Calcium polyphosphate is produced by thermal condensation of orthophosphoric acid, followed by neutralization with calcium compounds (most commonly calcium hydroxide or calcium carbonate). The process yields linear or cyclic polyphosphate chains bonded with calcium cations.
E452(iv) exhibits a strong ability to bind magnesium ions and other divalent metal ions, thereby preventing the formation of insoluble salts. Unlike sodium polyphosphates, the calcium form has minimal impact on the sodium content in food products, which is important for low-sodium formulations.
In the food industry, E452(iv) is used as a texture stabilizer and moisture-retention agent in the production of meat products, ready-to-eat meals, fish products, and processed cheeses. It prevents shrinkage and drying during heat treatment, enhances juiciness, and increases the yield of finished products.
Additionally, calcium polyphosphate is used in beverage production to stabilize solutions and prevent salt precipitation. Its inhibiting properties help slow down oxidation processes, thereby extending product shelf life.
For more information about polyphosphates, see the article E452 – Polyphosphates.