E452(iii) – Sodium calcium polyphosphate

General Information

Calcium sodium polyphosphate (food additive E452(iii)) is one of the subtypes of additive E452 (polyphosphates). It is a double salt of calcium and sodium with a polymeric chain of orthophosphoric acid, having the general chemical formula (Ca,Na)(PO₃)_n.

The production of E452(iii) involves the thermal condensation of orthophosphoric acid at temperatures of 600–700°C, followed by neutralisation with a mixture of calcium and sodium salts. The ratio of cations is adjusted depending on the desired technological properties.

E452(iii) combines the functional properties of sodium and calcium polyphosphates. It has a high complex-forming ability with calcium and magnesium ions, inhibits salt precipitation, stabilises protein structures, and prevents moisture loss. Due to its calcium content, E452(iii) contributes less to the overall sodium content of the final product compared to sodium polyphosphate.

The main applications of E452(iii) include meat and fish products, where it enhances the water-binding capacity of tissues, prevents shrinkage during heat treatment, and improves texture. In the dairy industry, E452(iii) is used as a stabiliser for processed cheeses and dairy desserts.

For more details about the E452 additive group, see the article E452 – Polyphosphates.