Other names for the additive (synonyms)
General Information
The food additive E304 (fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid) is a group of antioxidants that are lipophilic derivatives of vitamin C, specifically developed for use in fat-based systems, where conventional ascorbic acid is less effective.
In the food industry, additive E304 is primarily used as an antioxidant. It slows down the oxidation of fats and oils, prevents rancidity, preserves the taste, aroma, and colour of products, and extends their shelf life. Due to these properties, E304 is widely used in fat-containing foods where reliable protection against oxidative processes is required.
According to Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008, the E304 group includes two subtypes of food additives:
Both additives share the same antioxidant function but differ in the type of fatty acid with which the ascorbic acid is esterified.
Ascorbyl palmitate contains palmitic acid, which provides better solubility in many food fats. For this reason, additive E304(i) is most commonly used in margarines, spreads, vegetable oils, dry mixes, as well as in products intended to protect fat-soluble vitamins.
Ascorbyl stearate, in turn, is formed with stearic acid. It has slightly different technological properties and is mainly used in specialised fat matrices, as well as in combinations with other antioxidants where increased stability in solid fats is required.
Both subtypes of E304 have undergone a scientific safety evaluation by EFSA, which confirmed the acceptability of their use in food products for established technological purposes.
More detailed information on the safety, metabolism, and regulatory status of additives E304(i) and E304(ii) can be found in separate analytical materials published on our website.