Other names for the additive (synonyms)
General Information
Trisodium phosphate (additive E339(iii)) is a subtype of E339 (sodium phosphates) and has the most pronounced alkaline properties.
Its chemical formula is Na₃PO₄. In appearance, trisodium phosphate is a white crystalline powder or granules, easily soluble in water, forming a strongly alkaline solution.
In industry, additive E339(iii) is obtained by reacting orthophosphoric acid with an excess of sodium hydroxide. The result is a fully neutralized salt containing three sodium atoms.
In the food industry, additive E339(iii) is used as an emulsifier, stabilizer, and moisture-retaining agent, especially in meat and fish products, as well as in the production of processed cheeses. In addition, due to its alkaline properties, it helps regulate dough consistency and prevents oxidation.
Unlike the subtypes E339(i) and E339(ii), trisodium phosphate is applied where a strong alkaline effect and high stabilization of the product are required. However, excessive use may affect taste and lead to an overly pronounced alkaline reaction.
More details on the health effects of sodium phosphates, studies, and regulatory documents can be found in the main article on additive E339.