Other names for the additive (synonyms)
General Information
Alkanet, or alkannin (food additive E103), is a coloring agent ranging from golden to burgundy (dark red). It is extracted from the roots of the plant Alkanna tinctoria, which grows mainly in Mediterranean countries. E103 is a fat-soluble dye. The chemical formula of alkanet is C12H9N2NaO5S. Alkannin is stable under normal conditions. When exposed to strong oxidizers, E103 breaks down into simpler substances (oxides of nitrogen, carbon, and sulfur).
Effects on the Body
Harm
E103 causes severe irritation upon contact with the eyes, skin, or mucous membranes.
A large-scale study of E103 was presented in the 21st FAO/WHO Report on food additives (Geneva, 1977). Tests on rats and mice (1955–1957) showed no adverse effects when small amounts were consumed irregularly. However, regular intake of E103 led to cancerous tumors in animals.
Benefits
There is currently no scientific evidence of any health benefits associated with alkannin.
Applications
E103 effectively restores the color of processed foods.
In the food industry, it is used to color confectionery and other products.
In other industries, alkannin is used to dye oils, ointments, tinctures, and similar materials.
Legal Status
E103 did not pass safety assessments and is therefore banned in Russia. It is also prohibited in many countries due to its potential to cause cancer. It has been banned in Europe since 1984 and in the United States since 1988. In Russia, it was removed from the official food additive list in August 2008.
E103 is currently banned in Russia, Ukraine, and many other countries as a health hazard.